NOTES

NOTES

Part I

The account of the origins and domestication of maize follows Fussell, The Story of Warman, Corn and and Doebley, “The Genetics of Maize Evolution.” The discussion of the domestication of rice and wheat, and of domestication more widely, follows Diamond, “Evolution, Consequences and Future of Plant and Animal Domestication”; Cowan and Watson, The Origins of and Needham and Bray, Science and Civilisation in For food-related creation myths, see Gray, The Mythology of All and Visser, Much Depends on The impact of farming on human health is discussed in Cohen, Health and the Rise of and Manning, Against the The nature and impact of the spread of agriculture in Europe is discussed in Pinhasi, Fort, and Ammerman, “Tracing the Origin and Spread of Agriculture in Europe,” and Dupanloup, Bertorelle, Chikhi, and Barbujani, “Estimating the Impact of Prehistoric Admixture on the Genome of Europeans.”

Part II

The social structure of hunter-gatherer bands is discussed in Sahlins, Stone Age and Lee, The !Kung The transition from egalitarian hunter-gatherers to settled and socially stratified city-dwellers is discussed in Bellwood, First Bender, “Gatherer-Hunter to Farmer: A Social Perspective”; Gilman, “The Development of Social Stratification in Bronze Age Europe”; Wenke, Patterns in Hayden, and Johnson and Earle, The Evolution of Human The account of Inca fertility rituals follows Bauer, “Legitimization of the State in Inca Myth and Ritual.” A masterful comparative account of the emergence and structure of the earliest civilizations is provided by Trigger, Understanding Early

Part III

For spice-related myths, see Dalby, Dangerous The origins and history of the spice trade are discussed by Dalby, Food in the Ancient World from A to Schivelbusch, Tastes of Keay, The Spice Turner, and Miller, The Spice Trade of the Roman For the relationship between spices and trade, see Curtin, Cross-Cultural Trade in World For the roles of spices in spreading and supposedly warding off the Black Death, see Ziegler, The Black Deaux, The Black Death, and Herlihy, The Black Death and the Transformation of the The fall of Constantinople is discussed in Crowley, Voyages of Columbus and Vasco da Gama are described in Fernández-Armesto, Subrahmanyam, The Career and Legend of Vasco da Keay, The Spice Turner, and Boorstin, The The impact of Vasco da Gama (and Zheng He) on European spice prices is discussed in O’Rourke and Williamson, “Did Vasco da Gama Matter for European Markets?” The structure of Indian Ocean trade is described in Chaudhuri, Trade and Civilisation in the Indian The origins of European empires are discussed in Scammell, The World The local-food debate is examined in Murray, Moveable and by innumerable bloggers online.

Part IV

The story of King Charles’s pineapple follows Beauman, The European nations’ competition in economic botany, and the origins of botanical gardens, are discussed in Brockway, Science and Colonial and Drayton, Nature’s The transfer of maize and potatoes to the Old World are discussed in Ho, “The Introduction of American Food Plants into China”; Langer, “Europe’s Initial Population Explosion”; and Langer, “American Foods and Europe’s Population Growth 1750–1850.” The account of transfer of sugar to the New World, and the proto-industrial nature of sugar production, follows Landes, The Wealth and Poverty of Mintz, Sweetness and Hobhouse, Seeds of Daniels and Daniels, “The Origin of the Sugarcane Roller Mill”; Higman, “The Sugar Revolution”; and Fogel, Without Consent or The history and impact of the potato are discussed in Salaman, The History and Social Influence of the Reader, Propitious and McNeill, “How the Potato Changed the World’s History.” The discussion of the role of new foodstuffs and agricultural techniques in triggering the Industrial Revolution draws upon Malanima, “Energy Crisis and Growth 1650–1850”; Thomas, The Industrial Revolution and the Atlantic Pomeranz, The Great Thomas, “Escaping from Constraints: The Industrial Revolution in a Malthusian Context”; Steinberg, “An Ecological Perspective on the Origins of Industrialization”; Wrigley, Poverty, Progress and Wrigley, Continuity, Chance and Jones, “Agricultural Origins of Industry”; and Jones, “Environment, Agriculture, and Industrialization in Europe.” The account of the potato famine follows Reader, Propitious and Hobhouse, Seeds of

Part V

Military logistics in the ancient world are discussed by Engels, Alexander the Great and the Logistics of the Macedonian Roth, The Logistics of the Roman Army at Clausen, “The Scorched Earth Policy, Ancient and Modern”; and Erdkamp, Hunger and the The role of logistics in the Revolutionary War is discussed by Tokar, “Logistics and the British Defeat in the Revolutionary War,” and Bowler, Logistics and the Failure of the British Army in For a broad overview of the evolution of military logistics, see van Creveld, Supplying and Lynn, Feeding The account of Napoleon’s rise and fall follows Rothenberg, The Art of Warfare in the Age of Nafziger, Napoleon’s Invasion of Asprey, The Rise and Fall of Napoleon Schom, Napoleon and Riehn, 1812: Napoleon’s Russian The role of logistics in the Civil War is discussed in Moore, “Mobility and Strategy in the Civil War.” The account of the development of canned food follows Shephard, Pickled, Potted and The account of the Soviet famine of 1932–33 follows Ellman, “The Role of Leadership Perceptions and of Intent in the Soviet Famine of 1931–1934”; Ellman, “Stalin and the Soviet Famine of 1932–33 Revisited”; and Dalrymple, “The Soviet Famine of 1932–1934.” The great Chinese famine is discussed in Smil, “China’s Great Famine: 40 Years Later,” and Becker, Hungry The role of food shortages in the collapse of the Soviet Union is described in Gaidar, Collapse of an For an account of the sugar boycott see Wroe, “Sick with Excess of Sweetness.”

Part VI

The account of the development of the Haber-Bosch process follows Smil, Enriching the Erisman, Sutton, Galloway, Klimont, and Winiwarter, “How a Century of Ammonia Synthesis Changed the World”; and Smil, “Nitrogen and Food Production: Proteins for Human Diets.” The green revolution and its impact are discussed in Evans, Feeding the Ten Easterbrook, “Forgotten Benefactor of Humanity”; Evenson and Gollin, “Assessing the Impact of the Green Revolution, 1960 to 2000”; Webb, “More Food, But Not Yet Enough”; and Stuertz, “Green Giant.” The relationship between agricultural productivity and economic development is discussed in Gulati, Fan, and Dalafi, “The Dragon and the Elephant: Agricultural and Rural Reforms in China and India”; Timmer, “Agriculture and Pro-Poor Growth: An Asian Perspective”; Delgado, Hopkins, and Kelly, “Agricultural Growth Linkages in Sub-Saharan Africa”; Fan, Hazell, and Thorat, “Government Spending, Growth, and Poverty: An Analysis of Interlinkages in Rural India”; Gollin, Parente, and Rogerson, “The Food Problem and the Evolution of International Income Levels”; Gollin, Parente, and Rogerson, “The Role of Agriculture in Development”; and Doepke, “Growth Takeoffs.” Demographic transition is discussed in Doepke, “Accounting for Fertility Decline During the Transition to Growth.” The relationship between nitrogen inputs and yields, and the scope for a switch to less chemical-intensive farming, is discussed in Smil, Enriching the